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ECHONOMY
Tools for Echocardiographic Calculations
Muhamed Saric, MD, PhD
New York University
 

Aortic Stenosis

Reference Values

 

 Valve Area
cm2		 Mean Gradient
mm Hg

Peak Gradient
mm Hg

Peak Velocity
m/sec
Normal  2.0 - 4.0  

<25

<2.5
Mild Stenosis > 1.5 <25

25 - 36

2.5 - 3.0
Moderate Stenosis 1.0 - 1.5 25 - 40

37 - 64

3.1 - 4.0
Severe Stenosis <1.0 >40

>64

>4.0
   

Mean gradient =  0.6 * Peak gradient

Low gradients do NOT exclude severe AS if LVEF is low.

Note

Normal aoric valve area in adult human is roughly the size of the US dime (10-cent coin) whose area is 2.5 cm2.

Reference
ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 48(3):e1-148.