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    | ECHONOMY Tools for Echocardiographic Calculations
 Muhamed Saric, MD, PhD
 New York University
 
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    | Reference 
    Values |  
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        |  | Trivial | Mild | Moderate | Severe (4+)
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        | Peak gradient(mm Hg)
 | <25 | 25-49 | 50-79 | >80 |  |  
    | Remarks |  
    | In most instances, pulmonic stenosis is a congenital rather 
    than an acquired lesion. Most PS cases are due to valvular rather than sub- 
    or supravalvular stenosis. PS is associated with Noonan and Williams 
    syndromes.
 Percutaneous valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for valvular PS; 
    intervention should be considered when the peak gradient is >50 mm Hg 
    in a symptomatic patient (exertional dyspnea, angina, presyncope or 
    syncope).
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    | Reference |  
    | CCS Consensus Conference 2001 update: Recommendations 
    for the Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
    Can J Cardiol. 2001 
    Sep;17(9):940-59. 
 Also available at 
    Adult Congenital Heart Library.
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